在工业涂装流水线的高效运转背后，设备能否稳固安装是关键所在。若设备固定不当，不仅会影响涂装质量，还可能引发设备故障甚至安全隐患。要让流水线设备 “站稳脚跟”，需综合运用多种固定方法，从基础处理到部件连接，每个环节都暗藏学问。

　　Behind the efficient operation of industrial painting assembly lines, the stability of equipment installation is crucial. If the equipment is not properly fixed, it will not only affect the painting quality, but may also cause equipment failure and even safety hazards. To make the assembly line equipment stand firm, it is necessary to comprehensively use various fixing methods, from basic processing to component connection, with hidden knowledge in each link.

　　首先，地面基础是设备固定的根基。在安装前，需对地面进行处理，确保其平整度和承载能力达标。对于普通混凝土地面，若平整度不足，需使用水泥砂浆等材料进行找平，避免设备安装后出现倾斜。若承载要求较高，如大型喷涂机器人、重型烘干设备，还需对地面进行加固。常见做法是浇筑钢筋混凝土基础，通过植入钢筋增强地面的强度和韧性，使其能够承受设备运行时产生的振动和压力。在浇筑基础时，要根据设备的安装尺寸预留螺栓孔，为后续设备固定做准备。

　　Firstly, the ground foundation is the foundation for fixing equipment. Before installation, the ground needs to be treated to ensure its flatness and load-bearing capacity meet the standards. For ordinary concrete floors, if the flatness is insufficient, materials such as cement mortar should be used for leveling to avoid tilting after equipment installation. If the load-bearing requirements are high, such as large spraying robots and heavy-duty drying equipment, the ground also needs to be reinforced. The common practice is to pour reinforced concrete foundation and enhance the strength and toughness of the ground by implanting steel bars, so that it can withstand the vibration and pressure generated during equipment operation. When pouring the foundation, bolt holes should be reserved according to the installation size of the equipment to prepare for subsequent equipment fixation.

　　对于中小型设备，地脚螺栓固定是常用的方式。先将设备吊运至安装位置，使其初步就位。然后将地脚螺栓穿过设备底座的螺栓孔，放入预先预留的螺栓孔中。使用螺母将地脚螺栓与设备底座初步固定，但不要拧紧。此时，借助水平仪对设备进行水平度调整，通过在设备底座下加减垫片的方式，使设备达到水平状态。待水平度调整完毕后，向螺栓孔内灌注高强度无收缩灌浆料，这种材料能够紧密填充螺栓孔与螺栓、设备底座之间的空隙，增强固定效果。待灌浆料凝固达到一定强度后，再按规定的扭矩拧紧螺母，将设备牢固地固定在地面上。

　　For small and medium-sized equipment, anchor bolt fixation is a commonly used method. First, lift the equipment to the installation position to preliminarily position it. Then thread the anchor bolts through the bolt holes on the equipment base and place them into the pre reserved bolt holes. Use nuts to preliminarily fix the anchor bolts to the equipment base, but do not tighten them. At this point, use a spirit level to adjust the levelness of the equipment by adding or removing shims under the equipment base to achieve a horizontal state. After the leveling adjustment is completed, pour high-strength non shrink grout into the bolt holes. This material can tightly fill the gaps between the bolt holes, bolts, and equipment bases, enhancing the fixing effect. After the grouting material solidifies to a certain strength, tighten the nut according to the specified torque and firmly fix the equipment on the ground.

　　大型设备由于重量大、运行时振动强，往往需要采用预埋钢板固定。在浇筑地面基础时，将预先加工好的钢板按照设备安装要求埋入混凝土中，钢板上焊接锚固钢筋，以增强与混凝土的结合力。设备安装时，将设备底座与预埋钢板通过焊接或高强度螺栓连接。焊接时，要保证焊缝的质量，采用合适的焊接工艺和参数，确保焊缝均匀、牢固，无气孔、夹渣等缺陷。使用高强度螺栓连接时，需严格按照设计要求控制螺栓的预紧力，通过扭矩扳手等工具确保每个螺栓的拧紧程度一致，使设备底座与预埋钢板紧密贴合，共同抵御设备运行时的各种作用力。

　　Due to their heavy weight and strong vibration during operation, large equipment often requires the use of pre embedded steel plates for fixation. When pouring the ground foundation, pre processed steel plates are embedded in the concrete according to the equipment installation requirements, and anchor steel bars are welded on the steel plates to enhance the bonding force with the concrete. When installing the equipment, connect the equipment base to the embedded steel plate through welding or high-strength bolts. When welding, it is necessary to ensure the quality of the weld seam, adopt appropriate welding processes and parameters, ensure that the weld seam is uniform, firm, and free of defects such as porosity and slag inclusion. When using high-strength bolts for connection, it is necessary to strictly control the pre tightening force of the bolts according to the design requirements. Tools such as torque wrenches should be used to ensure that the tightening degree of each bolt is consistent, so that the equipment base is tightly attached to the embedded steel plate to jointly resist various forces during equipment operation.

　　流水线中的输送设备，如链条输送机、皮带输送机，其固定方式需结合设备特点。对于链条输送机，除了通过地脚螺栓将机架固定在地面外，还需对链条张紧装置进行固定。张紧装置通常安装在输送机的末端，通过调整螺栓来调节链条的松紧度。固定时，要确保张紧装置的安装位置准确，调节螺栓能够灵活转动，且在设备运行过程中不会因振动而松动。皮带输送机则要重点固定好驱动滚筒、张紧滚筒和托辊支架。驱动滚筒和张紧滚筒通过螺栓与机架牢固连接，托辊支架需与地面或机架可靠固定，保证皮带在运行过程中不会跑偏，且能承受物料的重量和输送过程中的拉力。

　　The fixing method of conveying equipment in assembly lines, such as chain conveyors and belt conveyors, should be combined with the characteristics of the equipment. For chain conveyors, in addition to fixing the frame to the ground with anchor bolts, it is also necessary to secure the chain tensioning device. The tensioning device is usually installed at the end of the conveyor and adjusts the tightness of the chain by adjusting the bolts. When fixing, it is necessary to ensure that the installation position of the tensioning device is accurate, the adjusting bolt can rotate flexibly, and it will not loosen due to vibration during equipment operation. The belt conveyor should focus on fixing the drive drum, tension drum, and idler bracket. The driving drum and tensioning drum are firmly connected to the frame through bolts, and the roller bracket needs to be reliably fixed to the ground or frame to ensure that the belt will not deviate during operation and can withstand the weight of the material and the tension during transportation.

　　一些对安装精度要求极高的设备，如自动喷涂设备，在固定时还需考虑减震措施。可在设备底座与基础之间安装减震垫或减震器。减震垫一般由橡胶、聚氨酯等弹性材料制成，能够有效吸收设备运行时产生的振动，减少振动对设备精度和周边环境的影响。减震器则具有更好的减震效果和调节功能，可根据设备的重量和振动频率进行选择和调整。安装时，要确保减震垫或减震器均匀分布在设备底座下方，且与设备和基础紧密接触，保证减震效果的发挥。

　　Some equipment that requires extremely high installation accuracy, such as automatic spraying equipment, also need to consider shock absorption measures when fixing. Shock pads or shock absorbers can be installed between the device base and foundation. Shock absorbers are generally made of elastic materials such as rubber and polyurethane, which can effectively absorb the vibration generated during equipment operation, reduce the impact of vibration on equipment accuracy and surrounding environment. Shock absorbers have better shock absorption effects and adjustment functions, which can be selected and adjusted according to the weight and vibration frequency of the equipment. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the shock pads or shock absorbers are evenly distributed under the equipment base and in close contact with the equipment and foundation to ensure the effectiveness of shock absorption.

　　工业涂装流水线设备的固定是一项系统工程，从地面基础处理到各类设备的针对性固定，再到减震等细节处理，每个步骤都环环相扣。只有采用合适的固定方法，严格把控安装质量，才能让流水线设备稳如泰山，为高质量的涂装生产保驾护航。

　　The fixation of industrial painting assembly line equipment is a systematic project, from ground foundation treatment to targeted fixation of various equipment, to detailed treatment such as shock absorption, each step is interrelated. Only by adopting proper fixing methods and strictly controlling the installation quality, can the assembly line equipment be as stable as Mount Tai and guarantee the high-quality coating production.

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