当车间粉尘浓度超标时，你是不是面临技术骨干因呼吸道问题流失率高于行业均值，那又怎么解决呢？

When the dust concentration in the workshop exceeds the standard, do you face a higher than industry average loss rate of technical backbone due to respiratory problems? So how can you solve it?

一、控制粉尘源头

1、 Control the source of dust

改进生产工艺：采用先进的生产工艺和设备，尽量减少粉尘的产生。如在物料破碎、筛分等环节，选择低粉尘产生的设备，或者对现有设备进行密封改造，减少粉尘外泄。

Improve production process: Adopt advanced production technology and equipment to minimize the generation of dust as much as possible. In the process of material crushing, screening, etc., choose equipment that produces low dust, or modify the sealing of existing equipment to reduce dust leakage.

湿式作业：对于一些可以采用湿式作业的工序，如矿石的破碎、研磨等，通过加水喷雾等方式，使粉尘湿润后沉降，减少粉尘在空气中的飞扬。

Wet operation: for some processes that can adopt wet operation, such as ore crushing and grinding, the dust will settle after wetting by adding water and spray, so as to reduce the flying of dust in the air.

二、采用粉尘治理设备

2、 Adopting dust control equipment

布袋除尘器

bag-type dust collector

工作原理：含尘气体由进风口进入除尘器，经过灰斗时，部分大颗粒粉尘由于惯性作用直接落入灰斗，细微粉尘则随气流进入中箱体的滤袋过滤区，粉尘被阻留在滤袋外表面，净化后的气体经滤袋口进入上箱体，再由出风口排出。随着过滤的进行，滤袋外表面的粉尘不断增加，当达到一定阻力值时，清灰系统会自动开启，通过压缩空气对滤袋进行脉冲喷吹清灰，使粉尘落入灰斗，经卸灰阀排出。

Working principle: The dusty gas enters the dust collector through the air inlet. When passing through the ash hopper, some large particles of dust directly fall into the ash hopper due to inertia, while fine dust enters the filter bag filtration area of the middle box with the airflow. The dust is trapped on the outer surface of the filter bag, and the purified gas enters the upper box through the filter bag opening and is then discharged through the air outlet. As the filtration process progresses, the dust on the outer surface of the filter bag continues to increase. When a certain resistance value is reached, the dust cleaning system will automatically start, and the filter bag will be pulse blown with compressed air to clean the dust, causing the dust to fall into the ash hopper and be discharged through the ash discharge valve.

优点：除尘效率高，对细微粉尘的捕集效果好，可达到 99% 以上；能处理不同性质的粉尘，适应性强；结构简单，操作维护方便；运行稳定，可靠性高。

Advantages: High dust removal efficiency, good capture effect on fine dust, reaching over 99%; Capable of handling dust of different properties, with strong adaptability; Simple structure, easy operation and maintenance; Stable operation and high reliability.

缺点：滤袋需要定期更换，增加了运行成本；对于湿度较大或粘性较强的粉尘，容易出现糊袋现象，影响除尘效果。

Disadvantages: The filter bag needs to be replaced regularly, which increases operating costs; For dust with high humidity or strong viscosity, it is easy to cause bag sticking, which affects the dust removal effect.

适用场景：广泛应用于化工、冶金、建材、机械加工等行业的车间除尘，尤其适用于对粉尘排放浓度要求较高的场合。

Applicable scenarios: Widely used in workshop dust removal in industries such as chemical, metallurgical, building materials, and mechanical processing, especially suitable for occasions with high requirements for dust emission concentration.

旋风除尘器

Cyclone dust collector

工作原理：含尘气体从除尘器的进风口以切线方向进入旋风除尘器的外壳和排气管之间，形成旋转向下的外旋流。在离心力的作用下，粉尘被甩向器壁，并随外旋流下降至排灰口排出。净化后的气体则形成向上的内旋流，经排气管排出。

Working principle: Dust containing gas enters the outer shell and exhaust pipe of the cyclone dust collector in a tangential direction from the inlet of the dust collector, forming a rotating downward outer vortex. Under the action of centrifugal force, dust is thrown towards the wall of the device and descends with the external vortex to the ash discharge outlet for discharge. The purified gas forms an upward internal vortex and is discharged through the exhaust pipe.

优点：结构简单，造价低廉；运行阻力小，能耗低；维护方便，无运动部件；对大颗粒粉尘的去除效果好，适用于处理高浓度含尘气体。

Advantages: Simple structure and low cost; Low operating resistance and energy consumption; Easy maintenance, no moving parts; Good removal effect on large particle dust, suitable for handling high concentration dusty gases.

缺点：对细微粉尘的除尘效率较低；当进口气流速度过高时，会导致除尘器内部磨损加剧。

Disadvantages: Low dust removal efficiency for fine dust; When the inlet airflow velocity is too high, it will cause increased wear inside the dust collector.

适用场景：常用于矿山、建材、粮食加工等行业的车间，作为初级除尘设备，可先去除大颗粒粉尘，再与其他高效除尘设备配合使用，以降低后续设备的负荷。

Applicable scenarios: Commonly used in workshops in industries such as mining, building materials, and grain processing. As a primary dust removal equipment, it can first remove large particle dust and then be used in conjunction with other efficient dust removal equipment to reduce the load on subsequent equipment.

静电除尘器

precipitator

工作原理：利用高压电场使含尘气体中的粉尘颗粒荷电，在电场力的作用下，荷电粉尘向集尘极运动并沉积在集尘极表面，从而实现粉尘与气体的分离。当集尘极表面的粉尘达到一定厚度时，通过振打装置使粉尘落入灰斗排出。

Working principle: Using a high-voltage electric field to charge dust particles in dusty gas, under the action of electric field force, the charged dust moves towards the dust collection electrode and deposits on the surface of the dust collection electrode, thereby achieving the separation of dust and gas. When the dust on the surface of the dust collector reaches a certain thickness, it is discharged into the ash hopper through a vibration device.

优点：除尘效率高，能处理高浓度、细颗粒的粉尘；运行阻力小，能耗低；处理烟气量大，适用于大型工业车间的除尘。

Advantages: High dust removal efficiency, able to handle high concentration and fine particle dust; Low operating resistance and energy consumption; Processing a large amount of flue gas, suitable for dust removal in large industrial workshops.

缺点：设备投资大，占地面积大；对粉尘的比电阻有一定要求，当粉尘比电阻过高或过低时，会影响除尘效果；维护技术要求高。

Disadvantages: Large equipment investment and large footprint; There are certain requirements for the specific resistance of dust, and when the specific resistance of dust is too high or too low, it will affect the dust removal effect; High maintenance technical requirements.

适用场景：常用于电力、冶金、化工等行业的大型车间，如火力发电厂的锅炉烟气除尘、钢铁厂的烧结机烟气除尘等。

Applicable scenarios: Commonly used in large workshops in industries such as power, metallurgy, and chemical engineering, such as boiler flue gas dust removal in thermal power plants and sintering machine flue gas dust removal in steel plants.

湿式除尘器

Scrubber

工作原理：通过让含尘气体与液体（通常是水）充分接触，利用液滴或液膜捕集粉尘颗粒，使粉尘随液体排出，从而达到除尘的目的。常见的湿式除尘器有喷淋塔、旋风水膜除尘器、文丘里除尘器等。

Working principle: By fully contacting the dusty gas with a liquid (usually water), dust particles are captured using droplets or liquid films, and the dust is discharged with the liquid, thus achieving the purpose of dust removal. Common wet dust collectors include spray towers, cyclone water film dust collectors, and Venturi dust collectors.

优点：能有效去除粉尘、有害气体和异味；对各种粒径的粉尘都有较好的捕集效果，尤其是对细微粉尘和高温烟气的处理效果更佳；设备结构简单，投资成本低。

Advantages: It can effectively remove dust, harmful gases, and odors; It has a good capture effect on dust of various particle sizes, especially for fine dust and high-temperature flue gas treatment; The equipment structure is simple and the investment cost is low.

缺点：会产生一定量的废水，需要进行污水处理；冬季需要考虑防冻措施；对于疏水性粉尘，需要添加表面活性剂来提高除尘效率。

Disadvantages: It will generate a certain amount of wastewater and requires sewage treatment; Antifreezing measures need to be considered in winter; For hydrophobic dust, surfactants need to be added to improve dust removal efficiency.

适用场景：适用于化工、制药、铸造等行业的车间，特别是在处理含有毒有害气体和易燃易爆粉尘的场合，湿式除尘器具有独特的优势。

Applicable scenarios: Suitable for workshops in industries such as chemical, pharmaceutical, and casting, especially in situations where toxic and harmful gases and flammable and explosive dust are handled, wet dust collectors have unique advantages.

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