1. The effect of material for shot blasting machine accessories on wear

抛丸机配件材料的耐磨性主要取决于它的硬度和韧性。硬度决定其表面抵抗变形的能力，但过高的硬度易使脆性增加，使配件表面产生磨粒状剥落;韧性则可防止磨粒的产生，提髙其耐磨性能。

The wear resistance of shot blasting machine accessory materials mainly depends on their hardness and toughness. Hardness determines the ability of its surface to resist deformation, but excessive hardness can easily increase brittleness and cause abrasive peeling on the surface of the accessory; Toughness can prevent the generation of abrasive particles and improve their wear resistance.

经过热处理或化学热处理的配件，可以获得优良的力学性能，提高机件的耐磨性。有时，可用表面火焰淬火或高频淬火的方法使材料提高耐磨性，或者采用渗碳、渗氮、碳氮共渗的方法，使钢的表面具有较高的硬度和耐磨性。

Accessories that have undergone heat treatment or chemical heat treatment can achieve excellent mechanical properties and improve the wear resistance of the parts. Sometimes, surface flame quenching or high-frequency quenching can be used to improve the wear resistance of the material, or carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding methods can be used to make the surface of the steel have high hardness and wear resistance.

在组合机件中，如轴承副中的转轴，由于是需要加工的主要机件，所以，应采用耐磨材料(如优质合金钢)来制造;对较简单的机件，如轴承衬或轴瓦，则选用巴氏合金、铜基 合金、铅基或铝基合金等较软质材料(又称减磨合金)来制造，以达到减小摩擦和提髙耐磨性的目的。

In combination components, such as the shaft in the bearing pair, as it is the main component that needs to be processed, wear-resistant materials (such as high-quality alloy steel) should be used for manufacturing; For simpler components, such as bearing liners or bushings, softer materials such as babbitt alloy, copper based alloy, lead based or aluminum based alloy (also known as wear reducing alloy) are selected for manufacturing, in order to reduce friction and improve wear resistance.

2.抛丸机配件工作载荷对磨损的影响

2. The effect of working load on wear of shot blasting machine accessories

一般情况下，单位压力越大，机件磨损越剧烈。除了载荷大小之外，载荷特性对磨损也有直接影响，如是静载荷还是变载荷，有无冲击载荷，是短期载荷还是长期载荷等。一般情 况下，机件不应长期超负荷运转和承受冲击载荷。

In general, the higher the unit pressure, the more severe the wear of the components. In addition to the size of the load, the load characteristics also have a direct impact on wear, such as whether it is static or variable load, whether there is impact load, and whether it is short-term or long-term load. In general, machinery should not be overloaded or subjected to impact loads for a long time.

3. 抛丸机配件运动速度对磨损的影响

3. The influence of the movement speed of shot blasting machine accessories on wear

机件运行时，速度的高低、方向、变速与匀速、正转与反转、时开时停等，都对磨损有不同程度的影响。通常在干摩擦条件下，速度越高，磨损越快;有润滑油时，速度越高越易形成液体摩擦而减少磨损;机器的起动频率越高，机件的磨损也越快。

When the machine is running, the speed, direction, speed change and constant speed, forward and reverse rotation, and the timing of opening and stopping all have varying degrees of impact on wear and tear. Usually, under dry friction conditions, the higher the speed, the faster the wear; When there is lubricating oil, the higher the speed, the easier it is to form liquid friction and reduce wear; The higher the starting frequency of the machine, the faster the wear of the components.

4.温度、湿度和环境对磨损的影响

4. The impact of temperature, humidity, and environment on wear and tear

温度主要影响润滑油吸附强度。润滑油膜有相当高的机械稳定性，但温度及化学稳定性较差，当在高温和有化学变化时，润滑油便失去吸附性能。

Temperature mainly affects the adsorption strength of lubricating oil. The lubricating oil film has relatively high mechanical stability, but poor temperature and chemical stability. When there are high temperatures and chemical changes, the lubricating oil loses its adsorption performance.

机件工作的周围环境若受到湿气、水气、煤气、灰尘、铁屑或其他液体、气体的化学腐蚀介质等影响，都将导致和加速机件的氧化和腐蚀磨损。

If the surrounding environment of the working parts is affected by chemical corrosive media such as moisture, water vapor, gas, dust, iron filings or other liquids and gases, it will lead to and accelerate the oxidation and corrosion wear of the parts.

5.润滑对抛丸机配件磨损的影响

5. The effect of lubrication on the wear of shot blasting machine accessories

润滑对减少机件的磨损有着重要的作用。例如，液体润滑状态能防止粘着磨损;供给摩擦洁净的润滑油可以防止磨料磨损;正确选择润滑材料能够减轻腐蚀磨损和疲劳磨损等。在机件运行良好的润滑摩擦副中保持足够的润滑剂，可以减少摩擦副金属与金属的直接摩擦，降低功率消耗，延长机件使用寿命，保证设备正常运转。润滑可有效地改善磨损的影 响，对机械维护有很重要的意义。

Lubrication plays an important role in reducing the wear of machine parts. For example, liquid lubrication can prevent adhesive wear; Providing friction clean lubricating oil can prevent abrasive wear; The correct selection of lubricating materials can reduce corrosion wear and fatigue wear. Maintaining sufficient lubricant in a well lubricated friction pair can reduce direct friction between the friction pair metal and metal, reduce power consumption, extend the service life of the machine, and ensure the normal operation of the equipment. Lubrication can effectively improve the impact of wear and is of great significance for mechanical maintenance.

6. 抛丸机配件表面加工质量对磨损的影响

6. The impact of surface processing quality on wear of shot blasting machine accessories

表面加工质量主要指机械加工质量，包括宏观几何形状、表面粗糙度和刀痕方向。

Surface processing quality mainly refers to the quality of mechanical processing, including macroscopic geometric shape, surface roughness, and tool mark direction.

(1) 宏观几何形状对磨损的影响所谓宏观几何形状是指加工后实际形状与理想形状的偏差，即加工精度，如圆度、圆柱度、平行度和垂直度等，宏观几何形状的偏差使零件表 面载荷分布不均勻，容易造成局部地方严重磨损。

(1) The influence of macroscopic geometric shape on wear refers to the deviation between the actual shape and the ideal shape after processing, namely the machining accuracy, such as roundness, cylindricity, parallelism, and perpendicularity. The deviation of macroscopic geometric shape causes uneven distribution of load on the surface of the part, which can easily cause severe wear in local areas.

(2) 表面粗糙度对磨损的影响并非表面粗糙度值越小，磨损越小。由试验得知，在每种载荷下都有一个合理的表面粗糙度使其磨损量小;在相同的载荷下，通常表面粗糙度值越小，磨损越小，但超过合理点后磨损又会逐渐上升。这是因为表面过于光洁，使接触表面增大，分子间吸引力增强，因而产生粘着磨损的可能性也就增大。

(2) The effect of surface roughness on wear is not that the smaller the surface roughness value, the smaller the wear. According to the experiment, there is a reasonable surface roughness that reduces wear under each load; Under the same load, the smaller the surface roughness value, the smaller the wear, but after exceeding a reasonable point, the wear will gradually increase. This is because the surface is too smooth, which increases the contact surface and intermolecular attraction, thus increasing the possibility of adhesive wear.

(3) 刀痕方向对磨损的影响刀痕方向对磨损影响较大，如果两摩擦表面的刀痕方向是平行的，且与运动方向一致，则磨损较小。如果两摩擦表面的刀痕方向平行，但与运动方 向垂直，则磨损较大。如果刀痕方向与运动方向交叉，则磨损在上述两者之间。

(3) The influence of the direction of the knife mark on wear is significant. If the direction of the knife marks on two friction surfaces is parallel and consistent with the direction of motion, the wear is relatively small. If the direction of the knife marks on two friction surfaces is parallel but perpendicular to the direction of motion, then wear is greater. If the direction of the knife mark intersects with the direction of movement, the wear is between the two mentioned above.

7. 装配和安装质置对抛丸机配件磨损的影响

7. The impact of assembly and installation quality on the wear of shot blasting machine accessories

机件的装配质量对磨损影响很大，特别是配合间隙不应过大或过小。当间隙过小时，不易形成液体摩擦，容易产生高的摩擦热，而且不利于散热，故易产生粘着磨损和摩擦副咬死 现象。当间隙过大时，同样不易形成液体摩擦，而且会产生冲击载荷，加剧磨损。装配好的部件或机器也应正确地安装。如果安装不正确，将会引起载荷分布不均匀或产生附加载荷， 使机器运转不灵活，产生噪声和发热，造成机件过早地磨损。

The assembly quality of the components has a significant impact on wear, especially the fit clearance should not be too large or too small. When the gap is too small, it is not easy to form liquid friction, easy to generate high frictional heat, and is not conducive to heat dissipation, so it is easy to produce adhesive wear and friction pair bite phenomenon. When the gap is too large, it is also difficult to form liquid friction, and it will generate impact loads, exacerbating wear. The assembled components or machines should also be installed correctly. If installed incorrectly, it will cause uneven load distribution or generate additional loads, making the machine operation inflexible, generating noise and heat, and causing premature wear of the components.

8. 抛丸机配件结构特点及运动性质对磨损的影响

8. The influence of structural characteristics and motion properties of shot blasting machine accessories on wear

机件结构及运动性质不同，则磨损的情况也不一样。如滚动摩擦的磨损远远小于滑动摩擦的磨损，通常滚动摩擦磨损量为滑动摩擦磨损量的一半或更小。

The wear and tear situation varies depending on the structure and motion properties of the components. For example, the wear of rolling friction is far less than that of Sliding friction. Generally, the wear of rolling friction is half or less than that of Sliding friction.

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