自动式抛丸机作为工业表面处理领域的关键设备，通过机械自动化方式实现对工件表面的清理、强化等加工，广泛应用于制造业的多个环节。其高效的作业能力与稳定的性能，使其成为替代人工除锈、打磨的重要选择，在提升生产效率的同时，保证了处理质量的一致性。

　　As a key equipment in the field of industrial surface treatment, automatic shot blasting machines achieve cleaning, strengthening and other processing of workpiece surfaces through mechanical automation, and are widely used in multiple aspects of manufacturing. Its efficient operational capability and stable performance make it an important alternative to manual rust removal and polishing, ensuring consistency in processing quality while improving production efficiency.

　　在工业生产中，自动式抛丸机的核心作用体现在表面清理与预处理上。对于金属工件（如钢板、铸件、钢结构件），它能通过高速喷射的弹丸（钢丸、铁丸等）冲击表面，去除氧化皮、铁锈、油污及铸造残留物，为后续的涂装、电镀等工艺奠定基础。例如，汽车制造中，车身框架在焊接后需经抛丸处理，清除焊缝处的焊渣与氧化层，确保油漆涂层能紧密附着，延长车身使用寿命；在船舶制造领域，船体钢板预处理时，抛丸机可一次性完成除锈与粗化处理，使防腐涂层的附着力提升 30% 以上。对于非金属材料（如玻璃、石材），抛丸机通过调整弹丸材质与喷射强度，能实现表面毛化处理，增强材料的防滑性或美观度，如建筑装饰用的石材表面，经抛丸处理后形成均匀的粗糙纹理，兼具实用与装饰效果。

　　In industrial production, the core role of automatic shot blasting machines is reflected in surface cleaning and pretreatment. For metal workpieces (such as steel plates, castings, and steel structural components), they can be impacted by high-speed projectiles (steel balls, iron balls, etc.) to remove oxide scales, rust, oil stains, and casting residues, laying the foundation for subsequent painting, electroplating, and other processes. For example, in automobile manufacturing, the body frame needs to undergo shot blasting treatment after welding to remove welding slag and oxide layer at the weld seam, ensuring that the paint coating can adhere tightly and extending the service life of the body; In the field of shipbuilding, during the pre-treatment of ship hull steel plates, shot blasting machines can complete rust removal and roughening treatment in one go, increasing the adhesion of anti-corrosion coatings by more than 30%. For non-metallic materials such as glass and stone, shot blasting machines can achieve surface roughening treatment by adjusting the material and spray intensity of the shot, enhancing the material's anti slip or aesthetic properties. For example, the surface of stone used for architectural decoration can form a uniform rough texture after shot blasting treatment, which has both practical and decorative effects.

　　表面强化是自动式抛丸机的另一重要作用。通过弹丸的高速撞击，工件表面会产生塑性变形，形成一定厚度的硬化层，提高材料的疲劳强度与耐磨性。在机械制造中，齿轮、弹簧等承受交变载荷的零件，经抛丸强化后，使用寿命可延长 2-3 倍；高铁轨道扣件通过抛丸处理，能有效抵抗列车运行时的振动磨损，保障轨道系统的稳定性。这种强化方式无需改变工件的整体性能，仅通过表面改性即可提升关键部位的力学性能，尤其适合对重量、精度有严格要求的零部件。

　　Surface strengthening is another important function of automatic shot blasting machines. Through the high-speed impact of the projectile, the surface of the workpiece will undergo plastic deformation, forming a certain thickness of hardened layer, which improves the fatigue strength and wear resistance of the material. In mechanical manufacturing, parts such as gears and springs that withstand alternating loads can have their service life extended by 2-3 times after shot blasting strengthening; The high-speed rail track fasteners can effectively resist vibration and wear during train operation through shot blasting treatment, ensuring the stability of the track system. This strengthening method does not require changing the overall performance of the workpiece, and only surface modification can improve the mechanical properties of key parts, especially suitable for components with strict requirements for weight and accuracy.

　　自动式抛丸机的自动化特性是其区别于手动设备的核心优势。设备配备的输送系统（如辊道、链条、吊钩）能自动完成工件的上料、定位、输送与下料，无需人工干预，可实现连续化生产。例如，批量处理螺栓、螺母等小型零件时，振动输送装置将工件均匀送入抛丸室，处理完成后自动排出，每小时可处理数千件，效率远超人工打磨。控制系统通过 PLC 编程实现参数设定与调节，操作人员可根据工件材质、尺寸预设弹丸流量、喷射角度、处理时间等参数，确保不同批次工件的处理效果一致，避免人工操作导致的质量波动。部分高端设备还配备传感器与视觉系统，能实时监测工件表面状态，自动调整作业参数，进一步提升处理精度。

　　The automation feature of an automatic shot blasting machine is its core advantage that distinguishes it from manual equipment. The conveying system equipped with the equipment (such as roller conveyors, chains, and hooks) can automatically complete the loading, positioning, conveying, and unloading of workpieces without manual intervention, achieving continuous production. For example, when batch processing small parts such as bolts and nuts, the vibration conveying device evenly sends the workpieces into the shot blasting chamber, and automatically discharges them after processing. It can process thousands of pieces per hour, with efficiency far exceeding manual polishing. The control system achieves parameter setting and adjustment through PLC programming. Operators can preset parameters such as projectile flow rate, spray angle, and processing time based on the material and size of the workpiece, ensuring consistent processing effects for different batches of workpieces and avoiding quality fluctuations caused by manual operations. Some high-end equipment is also equipped with sensors and vision systems, which can monitor the surface condition of workpieces in real time, automatically adjust operating parameters, and further improve processing accuracy.

　　高效节能是自动式抛丸机的显著特性。与传统的酸洗、喷砂工艺相比，抛丸处理无需使用化学药剂，减少了废水、废气排放，符合环保要求；弹丸可循环利用（回收率达 95% 以上），降低了耗材成本。设备的抛丸器采用高效电机驱动，弹丸喷射速度可达 60-80 米 / 秒，单台抛丸器每小时可处理 10-50 平方米的工件表面，能耗仅为人工处理的 1/3。此外，封闭式的抛丸室设计能有效控制粉尘与噪音，粉尘排放浓度可控制在 10mg/m 以下，噪音低于 85 分贝，改善了作业环境，减少了对操作人员的健康影响。

　　High efficiency and energy saving are significant characteristics of automatic shot blasting machines. Compared with traditional pickling and sandblasting processes, shot blasting treatment does not require the use of chemical agents, reduces wastewater and exhaust emissions, and meets environmental protection requirements; The pellets can be recycled (with a recovery rate of over 95%), reducing the cost of consumables. The shot blasting machine of the equipment is driven by an efficient motor, and the projectile spraying speed can reach 60-80 meters per second. A single shot blasting machine can process 10-50 square meters of workpiece surface per hour, with energy consumption only one-third of manual processing. In addition, the enclosed shot blasting room design can effectively control dust and noise, with dust emission concentration controlled below 10mg/m and noise below 85 decibels, improving the working environment and reducing the impact on the health of operators.

　　适应性强是自动式抛丸机的另一突出特性。通过更换不同规格的弹丸（直径 0.2-3 毫米）与调整抛丸器布局，可处理多种形状与尺寸的工件，从细小的五金件到大型的钢结构构件均可适配。例如，履带式抛丸机适合处理不怕碰撞的中小型工件（如铸件），吊钩式抛丸机则用于大型工件（如机床床身）的全方位处理，滚筒式抛丸机则适用于批量小件的翻滚清理。设备还可根据工件材质选择弹丸类型：清理铸铁件时选用铸铁丸，强化高强度钢件时选用高碳钢丸，处理铝合金件时则选用铝丸或玻璃丸，避免损伤工件表面。

　　Strong adaptability is another prominent feature of automatic shot blasting machines. By replacing pellets of different specifications (diameter 0.2-3 millimeters) and adjusting the layout of the shot blasting device, it can handle workpieces of various shapes and sizes, from small hardware components to large steel structural components that can be adapted. For example, track type shot blasting machines are suitable for handling small and medium-sized workpieces (such as castings) that are not afraid of collisions, hook type shot blasting machines are used for comprehensive processing of large workpieces (such as machine bed frames), and drum type shot blasting machines are suitable for rolling cleaning of small batch workpieces. The equipment can also choose the type of projectile based on the material of the workpiece: cast iron pellets are used for cleaning cast iron parts, high carbon steel pellets are used for strengthening high-strength steel parts, and aluminum or glass pellets are used for processing aluminum alloy parts to avoid damaging the surface of the workpiece.

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